Sure, but manual vendoring is just one (tedious, error-prone) means to that end. Any sane package manager with something akin to lockfiles gives you the same guarantee without all of the headaches of vendoring (and unvendoring when no longer needed!) all of your transitive dependencies.
If "vendoring" precludes one from using a dependency installed on the system, then this practice is static linking all over again. Static linking has its place, but dynamic linking with sane versioning solves many problems.
People like Go because you have a single executable to drop on a box, no worrying about what version of what libraries are installed. Though, the Go team realizes there is a need for dynamic linked libraries, so they at least have a proposal for it[0].
I've been following that proposal, and I'm a bit surprised that it isn't mentioned on the roadmap. Looks like dynamic linked libraries will come sometime in 2.x land?
Sure, but that's orthogonal to what's being discussed here. You don't check your compiled binary into source control, but proponents of vendoring do check their (transitive) dependencies in.