My memory of F# is very rusty, but IIRC, there are two types of error handling mechanisms. One of them is to be compatible with C#, and the other is fully checked.

Unchecked exceptions is a design flaw of C# see here: https://mckoder.medium.com/the-achilles-heel-of-c-why-its-ex...

I usually see articles saying that Java checked exceptions are bad.

e.g. https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2026/01/javas-checked-exceptio...

It really depends on how reliable you want the code to be. Many business application developers prioritize development speed and don't want to think about errors, for them checked exceptions may seem like a hassle. For developers who prioritize reliability unchecked exceptions are a huge problem because they are not part of the contract and can change without notice.

Because java is garbage-collected and doesn't have any of the problems of C++ exceptions, so checked exceptions just become a nuisance of having to try/catch everything.

You don't have to try/catch everything.

You do have to catch checked exceptions and that is the issue under debate.

No, you can just declare that the exception in the throws clause.