> Does the second amendment apply to non-citizens?

There's some current disagreement on that in the courts after Bruen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Rifle_%26_Pisto...)!

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca7/24...

We'll see.

There is… little disagreement on this aspect of the First/Fourth/Fifth/etc., though.

> revoking their visa is not jail

The First Amendment protects you from non-jail government consequences just fine, for obvious reasons - "we're fining you $1M for your speech" would have just as much impact.