The only number I could find was 22/27 hours of video playback for 16/16 Pro, you can compare that to older models on https://www.apple.com/iphone/compare/ that might give some indication?
I was reading and thought this was about as concrete as they got:
"The new mechanical architecture improves heat dissipation and efficiency for up to 20 percent better sustained performance. Along with the new internal design and advanced power management of iOS 18, larger batteries are optimized to offer a huge leap in battery life."
The vast majority of energy use when watching videos is the screen, so my guess is that most of the improvement is from lower screen energy use when at its lowest brightness.