Just going by publication date alone, I think Das Glasperlenspiel (1943) will be concretely different from Demian (1919). Like Zweig's Schachnovelle (1942), the question of how should/could intellectuals share a world with power-seeking anti-intellectuals* was, in the early 1940s, far from an abstraction.
(if you have a personality suitable to attempt inner emigration, you can claim the State, as an object with little intellectual content, is maya, mere illusion, but like Berkeley's [well, Johnson's] rock it usually sullenly refuses to wither away even if you don't believe in it. cf PKD)
* on that theme: "They delight in acting in bad faith, since they seek not to persuade by sound argument but to intimidate and disconcert." is another change rung.
(if you have a personality suitable to attempt inner emigration, you can claim the State, as an object with little intellectual content, is maya, mere illusion, but like Berkeley's [well, Johnson's] rock it usually sullenly refuses to wither away even if you don't believe in it. cf PKD)
* on that theme: "They delight in acting in bad faith, since they seek not to persuade by sound argument but to intimidate and disconcert." is another change rung.