MacOS 10 used to let you specify scaled resolution in Control Panel >> Displays >> Resolution (scaled). It doesn't give you numbers, though, more like "larger text" and "more space", with "effective resolution" under the image. The effect is a scaling factor, though, you just can't see the actual value. I expect macOS 11+ also continues to do this.
Sure, I know. That is the blurry option. There is a free utility that causes choices with "(HiDPI)" at the end of them to show up in the list of possible resolutions even when using a non-HiDPI monitor, and that is how you get a non-blurry scaling factor of 2.0 on a Mac.
(Also, it hasn't been called Control Panel for 20 years.)
