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There is no alternative.

We have "aggravated the situation" (as you put it) beyond recovery. Doing nothing will now surely lead to an unacceptable outcome. We are going to have to fix it, or resign ourselves to a huge shrinking of the habitable region of the planet, with the hunger/famine/war that will accompany that.

Obviously we can always make things worse. But when doing nothing is unacceptable, we have to start taking risks.



You have absolutely no idea if the "solutions" we try won't lead to even worse outcomes.

Up until the point climate change is becoming an existential threat, which it isn't yet, we shouldn't go doing anything too drastic. There is plenty of evidence that we can still avert the worst of it without resorting to geoengineering.


Why exactly do you place faith in evidence that says "we can still avert the worst of it" and are not willing to do the same for evidence that says "we can do even better with geo-engineering"? Presumably the scale of the problem is the same either way, so well-reasoned evidence should be able to persuade you of either.


> You have absolutely no idea if the "solutions" we try won't lead to even worse outcomes.

This is absolutely untrue.

The mechanisms of how SO2 in the stratosphere cools the planet are well understood and empirically observed.

This includes the fact that it breaks down in ~2 years, making it self repairing, should something unforeseen happen.


> In the early 1990s, anthropogenic sulfur dominated in the Northern Hemisphere, where only 16% of annual sulfur emissions were natural, yet amounted for less than half of the emissions in the Southern Hemisphere.

> Such an increase in sulfate aerosol emissions had a variety of effects. At the time, the most visible one was acid rain, caused by precipitation from clouds carrying high concentrations of sulfate aerosols in the troposphere. At its peak, acid rain has eliminated brook trout and some other fish species and insect life from lakes and streams in geographically sensitive areas, such as Adirondack Mountains in the United States. Acid rain worsens soil function as some of its microbiota is lost and heavy metals like aluminium are mobilized (spread more easily) while essential nutrients and minerals such as magnesium can leach away because of the same. Ultimately, plants unable to tolerate lowered pH are killed, with montane forests being some of the worst-affected ecosystems due to their regular exposure to sulfate-carrying fog at high altitudes.[1]

Sure, let's have ~2 years of that.

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide


The way to do it is to release the SO2 directly into the stratosphere, where it stays for ~2 years, and does not affect rain, which happens far below.


One of the risks of a strategy like this is that we become reliant on it and use it as an excuse to solve the actual problem slower. Then if there's ever any disruption to SO2 production we get 20 years of warming all at once that we otherwise might have worked to avoid.

Betting on never having a disruption to that supply seems high risk to me.


Ending fossil fuel usage and removing the excess CO2 will take at least 50 years.


what is this now, a quadruple negative?

It is untrue that they have no idea if the "solutions" we try won't lead to worse outcomes

It is true that they have some idea that the "solutions" we try won't lead to worse outcomes

It is true that they have some idea that the "solutions" we try will lead to better outcomes.

I think the nuance needed here is: what do we mean by "better outcomes?" It's reasonable to believe that it will help lower temperatures. But is that an "outcome" in and of itself?

If we consider the "outcome" to also include the second and third order effects, I'd like to understand how anyone could be certain that it will be better.


> There is plenty of evidence that we can still avert the worst of it without resorting to geoengineering.

We already have once in a lifetime climate event every month and the carbon locked-in of the past decade still hasn't kicked-in. I'd argue the complete opposite, there's a lack of evidence of other options.


>There is plenty of evidence that we can still avert the worst of it without resorting to geoengineering.

And zero evidence we will...


This kind of defeatist attitude doesn't help with the situation at all. We can all do our part in reducing our daily carbon emissions, raise awareness, and educate policymakers and business stakeholders on the importance of mitigating climate change!


Consider me a policy maker.

I want to know what the costs[1] of ignoring are likely to be so I can be sure it's worth the pain to ban non-electric cars in 10 years, ram through nuclear power plants while gutting safety regs so we can get them built in less than a decade and try and threaten India and China into reducing CO2 emissions. What do you tell me?

[1] In $, convert other units like lives into dollars as need be and be sure to value lives from different cultures at 0.1x as thats the expressed preferences of the population based on chatitable giving figures.


You can call it defeatist, but at this point it's factually true. We've made a negative amount of progress on this matter. And that's taken 40 years. We have very little time left. We have already locked in almost 2 degrees of warming.

These are all regrettable facts. But that are facts.

40 years of raising awareness and individual action has failed.


One man's defeatist attitude is another mans realistic attitude. Does it help? No, it doesn't. But for the defeatist and the realist alike that may no longer matter. I'm 'long' on humanity, but I'm not convinced we will be able to avert the looming (and for some already very present) issues. My feelings are in part because of how we dealt with COVID-19, if a pandemic can't get us to pull the cart together then nothing can.


It's important to understand that reducing carbon emissions doesn't cool the planet. It only makes the future warmup slower.


Doing nothing is itself a risk. Better to think of it as risk in every direction, all we can do is use what we know from science to choose our exit from the roundabout.


The only viable alternative to doing nothing is stopping our quest for infinite growth in all sectors.

You're the proverbial boiling frog


If all human carbon emissions magically ceased today anthropomorphic global warming and its concomitant environmental changes will still continue to unfold for the next few centuries or millennia, at a minimum, before settling into a new (albeit shifted) "natural" evolution. It will take millions of years for the human carbon emissions to be cycled back into the lithosphere.

In this sense, continued emissions only accelerate and compound the current process unfolding. Global warming as it exists today cannot be stopped passively.

That was the previous poster's point. We can infer that their unstated objective is the end of global warming in the near future (i.e. in the next few centuries), the achievement of which necessarily requires active intervention.

I might infer that your unstated objective is not the end of global warming, but the end of ongoing human interference per se. That's an entirely different objective, albeit no less legitimate.

If I'm correct (and I'm confident in my assessment wrt to the previous poster), then you two are talking past each other.


No problem with this, apart from convincing like 5-6 billion people to cut their standards of living to half. Also less people is needed, few children. Sounds like impossible now without concentrated media effort and all ruling parties probably would lose for decades.


5-6 billion people are going to have their living standards and reproductive opportunities destroyed anyway.

If not worse.

But you're really just remaking the point that as a species we're incapable of intelligent collective management of our resources.


You are right. But good luck convincing those billions to voluntarily reduce their living standards. I fear change will have to come involuntarily.


>> No problem with this, apart from convincing like 5-6 billion people to cut their standards of living to half.

> 5-6 billion people are going to have their living standards and reproductive opportunities destroyed anyway.

The problem might be that those sets of people are not the same.


Coordination problems are really really really hard. You shouldn't be dismissive about them.


Got to convince Nigeria that they shouldn't expect any further quality of life increase. Good luck.


> huge shrinking of the habitable region of the planet.

How big? 1%? 10%? 50%?

This matters.


This is a good example of the lack of epistemic humility OP was taking about.


We don't have the time to sit back and let epistemic knowledge wash over us. We know more or less what needs to happen (less sunlight in, more heat out). All attempts to resolve the situation require taking some risk, and it'll be impossible to quantify all those risks until we try them.

At the risk of stating the obvious: we need to measure every weird idea we try, and do our best to isolate the variables. Easier said than done. But we broke it, it's our problem now.

Talking about humility: an excess of humility leads to fatalism. Some is good, but not too much if you want anything to happen. We're talking about fixing the ecosystem of a planet, of course it's ambitious.


[flagged]


>You sound like someone about to perform a triple bypass with a butter knife.

This style of comment is lazy and simply trying to shut down conversation without actually making an argument. If you have an objection to the comment you're responding to, then say why you think they're wrong, what your alternative point of view is, and why your point of view is the correct one.


Or an emergency trach while us sensible folk watch the patient die and hand wring?


You can watch the patient choke from the obstruction as well, but it won't be pretty neither


That metaphor implies an understanding and overview that we simply do not have. Think of it as changing bytes in an executable file which will be run in 50 years, based on what "seems reasonable" to you staring at a wall of hex without even a de-compiler existing, much less you being able to use one. The only reason to even dream of it is not having to suffer the consequences, period. And that's not just because you might not be here in 50 years, it's because you're just one person in one very, very narrow walk of life, as opposed to being billions of people.

The carbon emissions of the richest 1% of humanity are more than double than that of the poorest half of humanity. Oil and coal companies profit, while putting out disinformation, as they have been for decades. But why step on the toes of the powerful when you can just use inject sulfur into the atmosphere?


Well, hopefully we have some time to practice first. Because we're the only person in the room and the patient is bleeding out.


So don't do a bloody tripple bypass with a butter knife. Just stop the bleeding. Jeez, this conversation is the best illustration of everything that's wrong with geoengineering ideas.

Indeed we have practiced quite a bit. Read on the catastrophe that was geoengineering attempts resulting in what is now happening with the Sea of Azov.


> Just stop the bleeding.

Is that enough? AFAIK all paths forward to avoid the worst outcomes includes becoming net negative ASAP.

That's stopping the addition of 37,000,000,000 tonnes of CO2 anually.

For context, a modern CCS captures some thousands of tonne, which is a comparatively tiny, tiny number.

Unless magic happens in the next decade, it appears that geoengineering is something we can't avoid, sans the suffering and death of billions.

I'd love to be wrong here.


> geoengineering is something we can't avoid

With all its inherent uncertainties geoengineering has many chances to make living conditions even worse.

It appears that the best think we can do is to stop doing thinks. I concede magic will be needed to make boomers accept that.


> Just stop the bleeding

Convincing every country in the world that they don't need fossil fuels isn't possible.

Blocking some sunlight from reaching the Earth is.


Why being an absolutist? We don’t need to convince every country. Just the top ones that drive the most consumption/pollution.


Because the top ones won't be convinced if you don't convince the others. Tragedy of the commons and all that.


In that vision we never can’t do anything because leaders needs to be leaded by others.

People do change their habits, donate, volunteer, make concessions and work hard for the good of society in its whole.


There are a number of problems that all interlock. Democracies with their relatively short election cycles will naturally find it hard to deal with problems that last much longer than those election cycles and that have the bulk of the problems downstream of us. Voters are motivated by their personal issues first, local issues second and global issues dead last. Countries are going to have to collaborate in a very strict manner in order to deal with global issues.

Throw all of those in a blender and it's easy to see why democracy and global problems are not going lead to an actual solution. Individuals are going to make some minor difference but not enough to offset the larger trends as long as it isn't a solid majority doing this.


I agree we shouldn’t count on our liberal democraties to handle that. Individuals will do the job and the majority is coming, just wait for the boomers to evade in their fantastic plastic graves.


> So don't do a bloody tripple bypass with a butter knife. Just stop the bleeding.

We're way past that point, the choice is quickly became to try geoengineering or die and I'm not going to take the dying option, no thanks, no matter how immoral you think the other one is.


I don't think hilariously strained analogies are helpful in this discussion.

The incredibly multi-variate nature of this problem effectively prevents any comparison that is at the scale of an individual.


You are the doctor and the patient at the same time. On what body do you want to practice ?


I feel like we're stretching the analogy pretty thin here.


We’re actually curating it to get closer to the situation. Or are you seeing humanity as a kind of god that can play with earth without impacting it existence on it ?



>You are the doctor and the patient at the same time.

Don't forget that, it's important!


> You sound like someone about to perform a triple bypass with a butter knife.

If climate change was a disease it wouldn't have an ICD number, no method of diagnostic in standard literature, let alone a treatment approved by the competent authority.

The recommended solutions would be to eat more healthy, more physical activity, and something to treat the symptoms.

There won't be a double-blind study for specific treatments of earth, so any kind of idea is equally valid.


As someone who uses a butter knife literally every day, I am offended by this comment.


A modest proposal: load up all the geoengineering-of-bust onto Falcon Heavies and ship them to Mars as a pilot project


More akin to duck taping the HVAC to avoid an emergency amputation.




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