In a kinetic war with a hypersonic wielding power, those 11 carriers will be at the bottom of the sea in the first week. Any threatening surface ship, really.
I’d argue the real power are the US underwater assets.
That only works when the US has to fight military super-powers that rely on sea-transport in order to feed their people and their military, like Japan had to do in WW2.
The moment another super-power stops depending on sea routes in order to provide basic needs for its people and its military then things start getting more complicated. Case in point, the current Russia + China alliance. They could basically sustain a conventional war against the West while avoiding sea routes basically forever, thanks to Russia's fertile lands and minerals and with the help of China's human capital. There's no US aircraft carrier that would be able to stop the logistic links going through Central Asia.
You forgot the most important thing, especially for war. Oil.
China imports a fuckton of it. But not from Russia, but the Middle East (by sea) because it’s cheaper and easier.
It’s actually very difficult to move that much oil over land. The best way is by pipeline but that takes many years and is fairly easy to disrupt. And it still leaves you with the problem of having to distribute it at the other end.
I personally do not think it is that difficult. It is indeed more expensive compared to sea transport, definitely (I said the same thing regarding the transport of grains in another comment), but it's certainly doable.
In case of a war starting I do think China won't look at the money getting spent anymore, so at that point importing oil from Iran via train [1] or from Russia (again, via train) won't be a problem for them in terms of money.
I also do think they'll switch to "war economy" mode pretty soon after the war starting, so no more private cars on the roads and such, which will greatly alleviate China's oil-related needs.
Later edit: And there's also the Northern route. I don't think any US aircraft career will be brave/stupid enough (depending on how you look at it) to position itself close to the Sakhalin Island or close to Kamchatka, that's prime hunting ground for the Russian subs. Never mind going into the Arctic Sea itself.
The real purpose of the carriers is not to fight a war, but to assert control of sea lanes. In a globalized economy your country needs access to maritime shipping lanes to survive. The carriers basically act as an area denial threat, preserving the ability of the US and its allies to trade and prosper, denying that to anyone who messes with them.
If Russia and China decide they're going to get together and be super trade buddies but the US denies them the trade lanes with everyone else, that's fine, they can share food and oil which are certainly important, but they'll still be broke and their economies will still collapse, especially China's which is super export dependent and seemingly approaching collapse right now anyway. China needs huge exports to survive in its current state and Russia doesn't have that much purchasing capacity.
I don't know the exact number but almost all of China's oil is imported, and almost all of that comes through Sea. That is not something Russia can fix on a short timeline. It's one reason why Pacific naval power remains an important advantage of the US and why they're so aggresive in the South Chinese Sea territorial "disputes".
