Those don't seem like unusual restrictions to me? It's a little odd to not provide a laptop for WFH, but my previous employer had to do that at the start of COVID because most employees had desktops at the time.
Why would you expect to do the company's work on your personal machine?
Not unusual in environments with security requirements, as many places don't want code leaving the office/datacenter if they can help it. Some places do it for performance reasons too, as they can just pay $X per hour/month to get devs an instance that's 10x faster than the corporate laptops, and if they break it, they can just generate a new one.
I interned at a bank once where everyone was on Citrix, which was pretty good (they were paying a lot for it to be really good, though).
It's entirely dependent on hardware. Most installations are either not GPU-accelerated or extremely over-provisioned. A good VDI instance usually costs at least as much as per user as the equivalent desktop PC, if someone started the project because it would be cheaper per user it's a recipe for disaster.
The install at the bank was a bunch of racks filled to the gills with NVIDIA Grid cards and high-end Xeons, and they had a setup in every region they did business in (you could get your instance migrated to another cluster if you had to be in another office to reduce latency, IIRC). It was super interesting to me because it was one of the few times I've seen VDI work right, leaving the only blocker to dev work being the crazy security policies.
Why would you expect to do the company's work on your personal machine?