As TIOBE uses averaged, relative search engine hits for "[programming language name] programming" as its source, it's a significantly lagging indicator, since it counts all pages on the internet equally, regardless of their age. I'm also unsure of the precision of the search "C programming". I suspect that it's catching "C++" in some search engines.
Stack Overflow's annual survey puts JavaScript, SQL, and Python at the top, with C at 12th [0]. RedMonk's Top 20 puts JavaScript, Python, and Java at the top, with C in 10th [1]. ITJobsWatch puts JavaScript, SQL, and C# at top, with C at 9th [2]. Dice puts SQL, Java, and Python as its top 3, with C not even ranking in their top 12 [3]. All of those put JavaScript, Java, and Python in the top 5.
I broadly prefer JavaScript to TypeScript. TypeScript has it's place and is certainly useful in some scenarios (it's union type is so powerful) but I don't think I'd ever plan on coding exclusively in it. I've written code in OCaml and Rust too so I know what a good type system can do.
I think at least for UI work there is a lot of space for dynamic plumbing together of well typed components. Components in this case meaning actual UI components as well as modules of business logic or state management.
