Worth noting that the Matrix was originally supposed to be about harvesting CPU power from humans, not about using us as energy batteries. Concept was changed by the studio to make it easier to understand as this was all before cloud computing.
I think that was dumb, but must remember audiences were so different in 1999. The Matrix was incredibly complicated for most people then, and they didn’t have the benefit of all the summaries and even academic texts we have on it today.
Also If you go back and read reactions to the marketing of the Blair Witch Project at almost the same time, many people, while not believing it fully, had a tough time understanding it was 100% a marketing campaign.
Agreed 100%. That series (4 books unless there's another sequel out) had such a consistently excellent storyline, characters and innovative usage of technology. It's not for the faint of heart, but well worth the 2k pages.
> An adult human body generates approximately 100 watts of power while at rest, and about 80 percent of this power is wasted as excess body heat. [...] on average the volunteers each contributed about 0.6 watts/hour of energy. [1] [2]
> What about mining Bitcoin in an ideal scenario, where the generators were perfectly efficient and able to harvest all 80 watts of excess heat produced by the body?
For this calculations, it's not enough to use the energy/power numbers. You must consider the entropy too.
The maximal efficiency is 1 - T_cold / T_hot (in Kelvin). In this case, T_cold is the temperature of the environment, that we can assume is some comfortable value like 20° (293K, 68°F). And T_hot is the body temperature that is approximately 37°C (310K, 96.8°F). So the maximal efficiency is 1 - 293K/310K = 5.5%.
If the heat produced by the body is rest is 80W, the maximal amount of it that can be collected and transformed to electricity (in a very optimistic scenario) is 4.3W. They are collecting only 0.6W. It's imposible for theoretical reasons to collect the 80W. [3]
[1] I'm not sure how the other 20W are dissipated. As heat?
[2] "0.6 watts/hour of energy" doesn't typecheck
[3] You can give the volunteers some drug to increase the temperature to 40°C (313K, 104°F) while keeping them in a freezing environment 0°C (273K, 32°F) This will increase the maximal theoretical efficiency to 12.7% (that is still much less than 100%). Anyway, no sane ethical committee and/or insurance company would approve the project.
> [1] I'm not sure how the other 20W are dissipated. As heat?
I would guess as chemical potential (stored in ATP, manufacturing and converting proteins, endorphins, hormones and other bodily chemicals), electrical signals (nervous system, muscle responses, brain activity) and kinetic energy (blood flow, heartbeats, diaphragm, other internal organ movements). Some of it is probably also internal temperature regulation for different regions of the body, but maybe that's all in the 80W. eventually
> [2] "0.6 watts/hour of energy" doesn't typecheck
I ran their numbers, and I think they meant 0.6 kWh (which is a unit of energy, unlike watts/hour) -- 212 hours at 127.2W over all the volunteers, for 37 volunteers is around 0.7kWh per volunteer. Some of their numbers might be more or less accurate than the others
> [3] You can give the volunteers some drug to increase the temperature to 40°C (313K, 104°F) while keeping them in a freezing environment 0°C (273K, 32°F) This will increase the maximal theoretical efficiency to 12.7% (that is still much less than 100%). Anyway, no sane ethical committee and/or insurance company would approve the project.
But the robots that will administer our future society while plugging us into the matrix would ;)
About [1] All the energy in the ATP is eventually released. Unless you are gaining weight or doing some mechanical work that is permanent (like lifting boxes to the floor above you) almost all is released as heat. Perhaps some energy is used to evaporate water, this may be important.
About [2]: Thanks for looking at their numbers. But they can't collect an average of 127.2W because the maximal power that can be transformed to electricity in this conditions is about 4W-5W. Also, the article claims that they get less than the 1%, but I'm worry that in the press article they just divided (0.6 watts/hour)/(80W) < 1% (ignoring the units).
Worth noting that this article is from January 2018. Since then Bitcoin difficulty has increased about 2.5x (was as high as around 3.5x at one point) so you'll need more heat.
I think that was dumb, but must remember audiences were so different in 1999. The Matrix was incredibly complicated for most people then, and they didn’t have the benefit of all the summaries and even academic texts we have on it today.
Also If you go back and read reactions to the marketing of the Blair Witch Project at almost the same time, many people, while not believing it fully, had a tough time understanding it was 100% a marketing campaign.