The paper objects were unfolded, scanned/photographed, imported into Blender, and mapped onto 3D Models of the objects; no photogrammetry was used afaik.
The problem of Spain is intense anthropogenic land (mis-)use including deforestation and mining, which led to the desertification especially in the south in the first place; this has been happening since pre-historic times. So, no, there shouldn't be deserts in Spain right now, and they are for the most part not natural. Read further here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00346... (free version available via google search on ResearchGate)
Exactly. Los Monegros was until 1766 Europes largest oak (encina) forest. It had been a communal forest. The forest was privatized and cut to cultivate cereal.
Deforestation is the only major relevant factor that led to the formation of any desert in Spain, and this started a "long" time ago, and is purely and simply controlled by humans. For example, the famous Tabernas desert is the result of deforestation, followed by intensive erosion.
For Japanese companies, it seems to be common to ask candidates to complete coding assignments before any interview. These assignments are usually extremely complex, and would take maybe 2-3 days to complete, depending on the candidates experience.
Combine this with relatively low salaries even for experienced developers, I don't think it is something anyone should want to do, no matter how much you'd love to go there.