You're absolutely correct and it's ridiculous that HN can't fathom that a hallucination, in both the traditional and LLM sense, is not characterized by its form or content per se but by the fact that the form or content is incongruent with some external factor.

The sentence as a whole is meaningful, which you can see by excluding 'to a combination of tariff and non-tariff':

> This calculation assumes that persistent trade deficits are due factors that prevent trade from balancing

The 'tariff and non-tariff' phrase is _technically_ superfluous but, subtextually, it implies there are such non-tariff reasons.

A persistent imbalance is due to factors that prevent balance? And those factors can be of type T or not of type T? That’s slightly tautological :)

The less they're able to, the lower prices will be.

What happens to the majority of the industries with little profit margins?

The way of the dodo, presumably

These people are standing in a burning house, happy they won't have to pay the heating bill

Had them as kids. Amazing animals. Intelligent, social, interactive, curious, playful(/slightly mischievous), and mostly easy to keep. The only major downside is their short lifespan.

Can't recommend them enough. I have so many fond kid memories of my pet rats and their hijinks.

That's not how the GDPR works. Just like criminal procedure, subjects do not sue alleged offenders themselves. The state instead sues on their behalf.

This is really great. It's really awesome to have free access to such resources.

That should be very doable, shouldn't it be? 2200/(4*365) ~= 1.51 pages per day. Of course, that doesn't exclude weekends and holidays.

5 days a week for 32 weeks a year means 160 days per year, for 640 weeks total. That's like 3 and 1/8th page per day.

I wonder what would happen if the US got involved in a war against the Mexican cartels. Is that feasible, if even desirable?

great, Afghanistan, but this time in Texas

Yeah, but this time the cartels are the invading force and they are facing off against trigger happy Texans. Don't think there's many parallels, here.

Are math skills really? Most aspects of deep learning don't require a deep understanding of mathematics to understand. Backprop, convolution, attention, recurrent networks, skip connections, GANs, RL, GNNs, etc. can all be stood with only simple calculus and linear algebra.

I understand that the theoretical motivation for models is often more math-heavy, but I'm skeptical that motivations need always be mathematical in nature.

I’m not saying you can’t use these existing techniques without understand all the theory, but you’re not going to be able to find new techniques.

For example, how would you know optimizing a convolution kernel is a good idea if you aren’t familiar with linear time invariant systems?

I think CNNs follow very naturally from the notion of shift/spatial invariance of visual processing. That doesn't require a mathematical understanding.

Image processing and shift invariance come from DSP.

Every MLE who didnt study Math really likes to downplay its importance. Yeah you dont need measure theoretic probability, but you need a grasp of Lin Alg to structure your computations better. Remember the normalization that we do in attention ? That has a math justification. So I guess yeah academics did have a role in building LLMs.

I mean computer scientists really do like to pretend like they invented the whole field. Whereas in reality the average OS, compilers, networks class has nothing to do with core ML. But of course are also important and these barbs dont get us anywhere.

I think you might've taken my point too strongly. Of course math is very useful, and certain contributions are purely mathematical. I just don't think it is as hard of a requirement for innovation as was claimed.

Forget actual CS and proper engineering without discrete math.

Also, without Shannon you wouldn't have neither Telecomms nor Computer Science.

Heck, Lisp it's just a formalisation and implementation of Lambda Calculus, which began as a paper... from a Mathematician.

Also: https://hakmem.org

Forget any serious reading without Math skills.